In my last post I mentioned that a modern researcher named Ramsey has challenged the long standing observations of Cooper about breast structure and anatomy.

Some of the differences observed by Ramsey include:
1.    The milk ducts branch quite close to the nipple.

2.    There is no such thing as “lactiferous sinuses.” These “sinuses” which Cooper observed were produced by his method of inserting wax into the ducts to observe the breast better.

3.    There is glandular tissue present close to the nipple.

4.    There is minimal subcutaneous fat at the base of the nipple.

Have you ever wondered what the breast is like inside? Well I did some research and this is what I found out.

Most of the information we have about the breast is based on research done by a man named Cooper back in 1840. He made wax casts from breasts of cadavers as well as dissections to investigate the structure of the breast. Unfortunately his methods interfered with the structure he was studying, and introduced “artifacts” or artificial observations which are not present in the natural state of the breast.

Nevertheless, Cooper’s observations have been taught as correct throughout these past 160 years and more. Cooper’s results were never challenged or confirmed, even until the year 2005. Recently a researcher named Ramsey discovered many inconsistencies with Cooper’s observations and his own. Ramsey used ultrasound in his research, which does not alter the breast anatomy and gives a more accurate description of the breast.